Sun, G.-Z., Huang, B., Guan, Z.-H., Geissmann, T., and Jiang, X.-L. (2011). Individuality in male songs of wild black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor). American Journal of Primatology 73: 431-438.
Guo-Zheng Sun1,2, Bei
Huang1,2, Zhen-Hua Guan1,2, Thomas Geissmann3, and
Xue-Long Jiang1
1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute
of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3 Anthropological Institute, University Zürich-Irchel, Zürich,
Switzerland
Abstract
This is the first study of vocal individuality in male songs of black crested gibbons.
The sound recordings were carried out at two field sites, Pinghe, Ailao Mountains,
and Dazhaizi, Wuliang Mountains, both located in Yunnan province, China. A total
of 127 coda phrases of 38 male songs bouts of eight individual male gibbons were
analyzed. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to examine the acoustic
individuality of the males. We found that individuality among neighbors was very
pronounced. Moreover, individuality within a site (i.e. among neighbors) is higher
than among individuals between sites. Our finding suggests that black crested gibbons
may actively increase their degree of vocal individuality against that of their immediate
neighbors by vocal adjustment.
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